Calculate the expiation due for missed fasts, broken oaths, and other religious obligations. Costs adjust to your local meal prices and currency.
For those unable to fast permanently (chronic illness, elderly). Feed one poor person for each missed fast β equivalent to two modest meals per day.
Fidya (Arabic: ΩΨ―ΩΨ©, "ransom") and Kaffarah (ΩΩΩΨ§Ψ±Ψ©, "expiation") are two distinct categories of monetary or physical compensation prescribed by the Quran and Sunnah. Fidya is the substitute when one cannot perform an obligation permanently (e.g. a chronically ill person who cannot fast Ramadan). Kaffarah is the heavier expiation for actively breaking a religious obligation β a deliberately broken fast, a violated oath, or the pre-Islamic formula of zihar.
Allah says in Surah Al-Baqarah (2:184): "And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] β a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor personβ¦" Classical scholars apply this verse to the elderly, the chronically ill, and pregnant or nursing women in certain conditions, who cannot reasonably make up missed fasts. The fidya is one mudd of staple food (β two modest meals) per missed day, given to one poor person.
Allah specifies in Surah Al-Ma'idah (5:89): "Its expiation is the feeding of ten needy people from the average of that which you feed your families, or clothing them, or freeing a slave. But whoever cannot find [or afford it] β then a fast of three days [is required]." The believer chooses one option. If none of feeding, clothing, or freeing is possible, then three consecutive days of fasting are required.
Reported in Sahih al-Bukhari: a man broke his fast deliberately in Ramadan with his wife. The Prophet ο·Ί instructed him: free a slave, else fast 60 consecutive days, else feed 60 poor people. The order is strict β a believer must attempt each option in turn. Most contemporary scholars consider freeing slaves inapplicable today, leaving the two remaining options. This kaffarah is in addition to making up the missed day.
Zihar is a pre-Islamic Arabian formula in which a husband declared his wife "as my mother's back" (i.e. unlawful to him). The Quran condemns this practice in Surah Al-Mujadilah (58:1-4) and prescribes the same threefold expiation as the deliberately broken fast: freeing a slave, then 60 consecutive days of fasting, then feeding 60 poor people β and explicitly forbids resuming marital relations until expiation is complete.
The expiation is anchored in local cost of feeding a poor person β what it would cost in your city to feed one person two reasonable meals. This calculator pre-seeds estimates for major cities worldwide, but you may always set a custom value reflecting your local food prices. Some scholars allow paying the cash equivalent directly to a trusted organization that distributes meals on your behalf.
Ideally before the next Ramadan, but there is no fixed deadline. The Prophet ο·Ί said: "Whoever delays expiation has not been freed of the debt." Pay as soon as you are able β every meal you provide is a debt cleared with Allah.
Yes. If a family member died with missed fasts that they could have made up but did not, the heirs may pay fidya on their behalf from the estate. Some scholars also permit a relative to fast in their place for some types of missed worship.
No. Zakat is an annual obligation on wealth. Fidya is a one-time expiation for a missed act of worship. The two are paid separately and cannot be combined or counted twice.
Opinions vary. The majority of scholars hold that a pregnant or nursing woman who breaks her fast for fear of harm to the child should make up the days later. Some β including Ibn 'Abbas β held that fidya alone is sufficient if it is the child's welfare that motivated her. Many follow a combination: make up the fasts when possible, and pay fidya in addition.